RF & Antenna Education

From first principles to advanced beamforming — our library of guides, tutorials, and deep-dives is free for engineers, students, and enthusiasts worldwide.

Learning Paths

Structured topic guides — each covers a complete subject area with articles, equations, and worked examples.

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Intermediate
RF Fundamentals

Maxwell's Displacement Current

Part 6: the capacitor charging paradox, current continuity, displacement current and its density, the Ampère–Maxwell law, how changing electric fields create magnetic fields, and displacement current in capacitors, wave propagation and RF dielectrics.

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Intermediate
RF Fundamentals

The Four Maxwell's Equations Explained

Part 7: the history of Maxwell's equations, each of the four equations in integral and differential form with physical meaning and RF examples, integral vs differential form, constitutive relations (permittivity, permeability, conductivity) and how the equations work together.

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Advanced
RF Fundamentals

Deriving the Electromagnetic Wave Equation

Part 8: what an electromagnetic wave is, step-by-step derivation of the wave equation from Maxwell's equations, the speed of light, wavelength and phase velocity, the 377 Ω impedance of free space, and propagation in dielectrics, lossy media and conductors (skin depth).

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Advanced
RF Fundamentals

Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic Boundary Conditions

Part 9: normal and tangential field components, boundary conditions for E, D, H and B derived from Maxwell's equations, surface charge and current, reflection and transmission at normal incidence, quarter-wave matching, and microstrip, antenna substrate and shielding applications.

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Intermediate
RF Fundamentals

Applications of Maxwell's Equations in RF Engineering and Antennas

Part 10: Maxwell's equations applied to transmission lines (TEM, Z₀, standing waves), waveguides (TE/TM modes, cut-off), microstrip (ε_eff, quasi-TEM, filters, dividers), antennas (radiation, near/far field, patterns, polarisation, gain) and FEM/FDTD simulation in HFSS and other EM solvers.

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Beginner
RF Fundamentals

Introduction to Impedance in RF Engineering

Part 1 of the Smith chart series: what impedance is, resistance and reactance, inductive and capacitive behaviour, real and imaginary parts, phasor notation, impedance in AC circuits and why impedance matters in RF engineering, with worked examples.

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